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Wednesday, October 2, 2019

Snow Machining the Iditarod Trail: Moving from Galena to Unalakleet


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Loaded and ready to head to Unalakleet
After ten years in Galena, building a life, growing friendships, and learning new skills, it was time to return to the coast and Unalakleet.  I had kept my promise to my mother-in-law and had not moved her daughter far away (we were only a little over a 100-air-miles to the east), but even with it only being an hour flight in our little plane, we were unable to spend the time with her we all desired.
            A job had opened up, Gram was now 88, and we were heading back home to live.  We just had ten years of stuff to take care of.
            As Phil Koontz once complained while tripping over an old 4-cylinder Ford engine laying on the floor of his shop, “I’ve got a lot of junk, it’s all good junk, but it’s still a lot of junk.”
            Spring was starting to show up with longer days and warmer sunlight. Though the nights were cold, the section of the Iditarod Trail between Galena and Unalakleet would soon turn to mush and no longer be passable.  I loaded up as much of our heavy junk onto our 8-foot cargo sled as it would hold, fueled up our old Skidoo, and went to bed.
            The next morning was cold, old-fashioned interior Alaska spring cold.  I layered on the clothes: thermal underwear, t-shirt, jeans, sweatshirt, wool socks, Carhart arctic bibs, Carhart arctic jacket, seal skin hat, Steger Mukluks, heavy lined leather work gloves, and started humming Johnny Horton’s “When it’s springtime in Alaska.”
            Three pulls and the 15-year-old machine roared to life, popping a blue cloud of 2-stroke exhaust that drifted low across the cold ground.  By the time I had broken the skis free, tightened the load, and straddled the seat, the motor had calmed to a smooth idle.
            I picked my way down the road, avoiding the bare gravel patches, but by the time I came to the first stop sign at the end of our road, my fingers were already going numb.  The 169 miles to Unalakleet would prove impossibly long with frozen fingers.  I quickly returned home and traded my gloves for a more appropriate pair of seal skin mittens.
            Down on the Yukon River after struggling to find enough snow-covered road to drive on was like entering an expressway.  Before me lay miles of flat, hard, packed trail.
            I hit the throttle and began looking for the main track that would lead me down river. By spring the river is covered with snow machine tracks heading in every direction leading to traplines, wood yards, camps, other villages, and just in circular joy rides.  Though I had traveled by boat plenty of times, had logged multiple hours flying it, in my ten years in the interior, I had never driven the route on snow machine.  For some reason, it never crossed my mind to ask someone who had driven it before to go with me.  How hard could it be?  Just head west.
            The earliness of the morning made it so I didn’t see another soul, but I did pass a couple of broken-down machines that looked much newer than our old rig that I was driving.  I motored on passing Koyukuk without even realizing it was there until seeing it in the side mirror.  I had gone around an island and missed it somehow.  Spruce scented wood smoke lingering over the town was the only sign of life.  The reflection grew smaller.
            Only stopping to tighten my load and reposition the tarp protecting it, I was making good time.  It was still early enough when I pulled off of the river onto the patchy roads of Nulato that no one seemed to be stirring in the dark houses.  I drove past the school to read Nulato Wolves on the side and reaffirm where I was.
            Back down on the ice and just below the village were signs of spring.  A creek ran freely over the river ice opening a lead down into the main river.  I navigated easily around it and sped up to highway speed heading for Kaltag.  It was now late morning, and the sun was finally supplying warmth.  I stopped the machine, the engine still ringing in my ears for a couple of minutes before silence enveloped me.  A cup of hot coffee from the thermos Myra packed, a couple cookies, and a desire to just sit for a while in the absence of sound.
            Liquid in, liquid out, introducing coffee to my system had kicked my body’s water cycle into gear, but I was making awesome time.  I was maybe a half hour out of Kaltag (the unofficial halfway point on my journey) and if my pace continued, I could expect to be in Unalakleet in a couple of hours.  It didn’t really matter how many times I heeded my body’s call to input or output, I would be in Unalakleet in plenty of time to drop off the snow machine and sled, and pick up the plane that was waiting there for me to fly home with good weather and plenty of light.
            It was finally late enough in the day that I saw actual people when I pulled into Kaltag.  I stopped by the small Co-op store and got directions to the fuel pump and ran into a former student.  We caught up enjoying the leisurely pace of village time.  Up the hill and to the fuel pumps, I poured premixed gas from my jerry jugs into the machine and then back filled the jugs with 2-stroke oil and new gas.
            “How is the trail to Unalakleet?” I asked the man working the gas shack in Kaltag.
            “Great, I plan on going that way myself in the next couple of days.  Trail is still fine,” he encouraged.  “Go up to the airport and follow the runway and you can’t miss the trail.”
            I did miss the trail.  I went up the wrong side of the runway, but he was right, once I got to it, I really couldn’t miss it.  Thousands of people had traversed it before I got to it: mushers, Iron Doggers, Iditabikers, Iditawalkers, Iditahoppers (okay, that last one was made up, but there are a lot of crazy people trying to make the Iditarod Trail as difficult a journey as possible). 
            The trail at Kaltag leads up the hill and through the pass between the Yukon River and the Unalakleet River drainage reaching to about 2000 feet above sea level before dropping back down into the valley where Unalakleet is at about twenty feet above sea level.  I began heading up, got to a small clearing in the trees and pulled out a sandwich and the satellite phone Myra sent with me. 
            I called ahead to Unalakleet where family was expecting me, “Hey Marty, I’m just past Kaltag and figuring I should only have a couple hours to Unalakleet.”
            “How is the trail?” he asked.
            “The river was like pavement, should be a quick ride once I get over the top of the hill and heading down into the valley.”
            “I’ll tell Myra you called and where you are.  Be safe,” he encouraged.
            Usually a fast eater, I slowly enjoyed the sandwich, pulled out some chips and leisurely ate while looking around at the terrain I would be driving into.  The trail climbed up the hill and then turned into a stand of black and white spruce.  I had plenty of time, the sun was just starting to really climb into the sky, there were no clouds to be seen, and if the trail behind was any indicator of the trail ahead, I would cruise into Unalakleet with plenty of light to fly back in.
            I fired the machine up, and that is when the black diamond mogul course began.  The spruce had held drifts, and with all of the traffic that had gone through before me, the hotrod machines of the Iron Dog had pushed two and three foot hills in the middle of the trail.  Up, down, slam went the sled.  Up, down, slam went the sled.  The fast-moving interstate of the Yukon had turned into what felt like the one vehicle 5 mph rush hour of the Kaltag portage.  Up through the trees and moguls and then back down the other side of moguls.  Time stopped existing except for when I drove across a bridge as wide as my snow machine skis over a eight foot deep ditch with a running creek at the bottom… time inched by on that occasion.
            Hours passed, spruce gave way to large cottonwoods and much better trail only to lead back into spruce and constant waves of snow.  A stop at Tripod Shelter Cabin to use the facilities (an outhouse with one of the nicest views and well worth the trip).  Another stop at Old Woman Shelter Cabin, and cruising through the trees.  And that is how I came upon Chirosky River (a little over 20 river miles from Unalakleet), open and running.  The trail led down to the river bank and disappeared into the water.  I shut down the machine and walked down to the edge, looked down to see the rocks on the bottom.
            “Huh.”
            I walked back up the trail to see if I had missed a turn off that would lead me to another portage.  I hadn’t.  I went back down to the bank and walked up stream.  The opening got worse that way.  I walked down stream and was greeted by a bank on the opposite side too steep for the heavy-laden machine to climb.
            “Huh.”
            Twenty miles from Unalakleet and it looked like I was going to have to turn around and go back through all the moguls I had just driven.  I turned the machine around and drove up the trail and found a spot to turn back around.  There was a six-foot-wide stretch of water between me and the steep portage on the other side of Chirosky.  I mashed the throttle and heard the engine scream as I raced back to the river bank.
            In theory, a snow machine that is well balanced, at speed, can travel miles across open water, hydroplaning across the surface.  My 15-year-old rig was pulling a freight sled with the heaviest junk I could find in my shed back in Galena, roaring toward open water, twenty miles from help after driving hours without seeing anyone else on the trail, but as my skis contacted river, I was not thinking about that.  Water splashed my face, I rocketed toward the bank, and then the nose of the machine pointed skyward and up the bank, I crested the portage, and shot onto the trail and back into a stand of black spruce.
            I shut down the machine, opened my back pack, pulled out a sandwich, and sat quietly eating.  I found the chip bag.  I ate a cookie…I guess that is the thing to do if you aren’t a smoker.  Then, I quietly thanked God that I was mostly dry and the machine was sitting in the trail and not at the bottom of the river.
            Somewhere along the way the warmth of the day had prompted me to put away my seal skin hat in exchange for the ball cap I had packed to fly back in.  My coat came off and was draped over the back rest of the machine.  The trees gave way to patches of snow-covered tundra, and when the trail dropped onto the river in the midst of twenty Unalakleet ice fisherman catching Arctic Char, it was a pretty anticlimactic arrival.  Being used to the cold of the interior made me stand out as people sat around in fur lined parkies and heavy seal skin mitts.  I guess I must have looked a little strange with wind burnt cheeks and a ball cap.
            Unalakleet has always welcomed me like I was raised there and confused looks turned to smiles when we figured out who each other was.  Greetings, directions, and trail condition information was traded and I discovered that the two hours the run between Kaltag and Unalakleet was supposed to take me had turned out to be six.  Unalakleet was a couple miles downriver yet, but I was back to highway driving.
            In town I found friends, learned where I would be living next year, dropped my stuff off to storage, and parked the machine. 
            Half of the journey was done for the day, time was short, and I still needed to get the plane ready for the flight back to Galena.  I couldn’t waste time, but this has gone long, and that part of the story can wait for another day.

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

To Build or Not to Build: Starting the Process in Unalakleet, AK


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A design from Firstday Cottage that may be our Unalakleet House

To build or not to build, that is the question.  Though the situation we are considering is far less weighty than what young Hamlet wrestled with, it is filled with almost as much uncertainty.
            Building is not a new concept to us as we have built one house already as well as a couple outbuildings.  While in Galena, we literally built from the ground up as friends taught us to put in pilings, mill sills, run plumbing and wires—the carpentry came from earlier experiences and by reading a book.
            The game in Unalakleet is completely different though.  Whereas we had multiple friends who had physically built their own homes in Galena, we are somewhat pioneers here.  There are a couple of guys in town who do it for a living, but not really anyone who starts from foundation and sees it through to the lights going on and the toilet flushing.
            Multiple barge runs stopped in Galena each summer and when we built our house, 16 cents per pound was the base barge shipping rate.  Gravel was less than $100 per dump truck load, and sill log sized trees sloughed off the banks and were easily harvested with a chainsaw, snow machine and sled in winter.
            We have transitioned to a very beautiful place with some of the best fishing in the world, a tundra full of berries, good trapping, decent hunting, and family close by… where fewer than a handful of barges arrive each summer, most freight is moved by air, trees 8-10 inches across the butt are considered large, and a load of gravel is measured in thousands of dollars.
            Maybe that is the reason we have struggled to get information on the process and figures to budget from.  Myra and I believe it is important to help others through our experiences and so starts this strand of posts.  We are not sure if a completed house will be the end result of this journey, but maybe someone can learn from our successes and failures and be better off for it.
            Teacher housing in the Bering Straits School District has come a long way since the time I found a sock frozen to the inside of the closet wall in our trailer house we rented from them after first getting married.  It still leaves a lot to be desired though too—there is no room to build a shop, I am struggling to find garden space, we refer to the puddle where we park our car and boat while on trailer as Lake Superior, we have nearly zero storage space, and have neighbors literally on the other side of two of our four walls.  The plus side is that we have not had to purchase a cable package as long as we are good with what the neighbor across the one lane road from us is watching.
            Our little family has a lot going on right now though as we plan for a possible build in Unalakleet, work on upgrading our plane, and looking at a future build in Michigan.  Unlike Buying Alaska, our budget is dictated by reason and a limited income.  Not being licensed contractors nor wanting to hire one means banks are not an option… trust me, we tried on the first house.  Honestly, we found we like the freedom that comes from not owing anyone any money anyway.
            At some point as we figure out the budget for this build, we may discover that what it costs to put in a driveway here would go much better toward our build in Michigan, or would go a long way toward the plane we are shopping for.
            As we move forward in this process, I’ll stay as transparent as possible.  Otherwise it does no good for anyone.
            We continue to say in our house that there are two ways to gain wisdom: by learning from those who have gone through similar experiences before, and by, sometimes costly, experience.
            Hopefully we can share a little wisdom that we gain through both means.
Kenton Moos and I setting rafters on our first house build. It was also a Firstday Cottage design.


Friday, September 20, 2019

Determining our mission and a plane to fit it


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We have had our little Tripacer for around six years.  It has been a great plane, but as a lot of our flying friends predicted, we have kind of outgrown it and are ready to move on.
            Originally, when we considered selling, it was to downsize to a smaller plane (hard to imagine if you have ever been in a Tripacer) just to stay in aviation and to play around with locally.  However, in crunching numbers and talking with our mechanic, we decided we would like to stay with a 4-place (room for four passengers).  Ellen is getting bigger all the time, and if our next plane is going to be truly used on a regular basis, needs room for the three of us and maybe a fourth person on occasion.
            So, a 4-place was the starter for a development of our mission.  With the Tripacer, we have done all airport to airport stuff, and we continue to see that as the major part of our flying.  If we had a tail wheel, we would probably do some off-airport stuff, but more than likely we will use the next plane to sight see from the air, visit friends in neighboring villages, and go to Fairbanks for medical, shopping, and to visit our older daughter trips.  We are also thinking about doing some back-country airports like Serpentine Hot Springs by Nome.
            For most of that, a plane with a tricycle gear makes the most sense.  They are generally easier to manage in a crosswind and as a consequence, cheaper to insure.  At one point, we were considering a Cessna 170 or 180.

Do you recognize this Cessna180 with Owen, one of its biggest fans, standing next to it?
            “Planes with 2’s on the end are cheaper,” a taildragger friend pointed out.  “If you can get away with keeping the wheel on the front instead of the rear, you’ll save a lot of money.”
            When we bought our Tripacer, we lived in the dry interior of Alaska.  Wet, windy days did not happen all that often and rarely at the same time.  It was a great climate (other than trying to stay warm while flying) for a tube and fabric airplane. 
            We now live on the west coast of Alaska where wet, windy days are the norm.  I hate the idea of my tube and fabric plane getting beat around by the elements.  Though aluminum skinned airplanes are not impervious to corrosion, being surrounded by a material that is slower to oxidize and more effectively keeps out moisture is attractive to me as I think back to watching my plane go toe to toe with the wind coming right off the ocean 200 yards from the tiedowns.
            Our budget is also a limiting factor.  My dad has yet to win the lottery, and if he would just stop stalling and do it, choosing a plane would be much easier.  As of right now, we are around $50,000 or, more realistically, just south of that for an airplane budget (this factors in the sale of the Tripacer).
            We have considered a Piper PA-12 Super Cruiser.  Readers who have any knowledge of old Pipers already see some problems with this plane in regards to our mission.  It is a 3-place (would work for most of our flying), tail dragger, tube and fabric aircraft.  Most people, when they see them, automatically think they are super cubs… for good reason.  The Super Cruiser was an intermediate step between the J-3 Cub and the PA-18 Super Cub.  They cannot legally haul as much as the Super Cub, do not have flaps, but have very similar performance other than that.  They can get in and out of a lot of places, but part of this is because they go everywhere slowly. 
Gunnar Johnson's PA-12 Super Cruiser

I dream of winter flying with skis, but don’t see my job changing in such a way as to allow me enough flying time in the winter to legitimize such a purchase.  A good example is also hard to find in Alaska as they have all been so highly modified and put through the wringer that good ones go for high prices.
We have also considered a Cessna 172.  When most people think of general aviation aircraft, they are picturing a Cessna 172.  It would offer a little more elbow room than our current plane, does have a skin made of aluminum, and there are a lot of them out there.  However, for the price, they perform so much like a Tripacer that we might as well stay with our Tripacer.
Those words could start some fights, but when we were shopping for our first plane, we did a lot of comparison shopping between Tripacers and Skyhawks and came to the conclusion that the Skyhawk, when equally equipped, was heavier, slower, and had less useful load than a Tripacer.  I don’t really want to down talk Skyhawks.  Some of my first hours flying were in Skyhawks, but I found they just were not my cup of tea, and I preferred a Tripacer.
The 182 is a plane that I really would like to consider, but the price for a decent one places it out of our price range this go around.  It is on a list of planes that Myra and consider forever planes should we get a chance to upgrade one more time after the next plane.
In the midst of trying to determine what plane would fit us, our mechanic recommended looking into Cherokee 140s.  They are four-place, fixed gear, low wing, all metal Pipers that come with 140-180 horse engines.  Piper only made 140 horse models for a short time before going up to the 150 O-320 Lycoming.  There is an STC that allows for an upgrade in horsepower by changing the cylinders out for a slightly greater displacement to bring it up to 160 horse.  Along with a power flow exhaust that is available, they can be good performers and cruise between 10 and 20 knots faster than our current Tripacer.
Our current plane has an O-320, and they are great power plants in that parts are plentiful, being a four-cylinder makes them good on gas, and they are performers.  The 180 horse is an O-360 and though I am not as familiar with them, hear good things.  We considered a Cessna 170 with an O-360 being our engine of choice in that plane.  The O-360 would not mean much of an increased fuel burn if any.
The examples of Cherokee 180s that we have come across have a high price tag though for what the plane really is.  I found a low time Cherokee 180 (little over 200 hours on an engine that is 2000 TBO), but it was also rebuilt in 1997.  10 hours a year is not exactly what I would call a healthy plan for any engine in order to keep oil flow going and corrosion down.  The seller was asking $40,000 in essence making it truly a $60,000 plus airplane after rebuild… might as well look at a Cessna 180 or older Cherokee 6 at that price.
Myra is currently planning on working on her license and would be looking for a plane that is a forgiving trainer.  Many pilots have gotten their wings in the little Cherokees with their  Hersey bar wings.  The constant chord wing makes it very stable in a stall.  Some would say too stable as it is so gentle that it does not make for a good training tool for what “most” planes do when they stop flying.
            In this way, the Cherokee 140 is very similar to the Tripacer.  Rather than a crisp break at stall, both of these planes have a tendency to mush and sink.  During my check ride, the tester was not satisfied with my power on stall as I jerked the yoke back into my lap and made the plane drop its nose with a clean break.
            “Hey, take it easy there,” he criticized.  “Do it again and instead of jerking it back, gently pull back on the yoke until you reach the stall.”
            “Okay,” I said feeling like I actually knew something for once during the day.
            I slowed the plane, configured it for the maneuver and then slowly pulled back on the yoke resulting in a depressing mush.
            “Yeah… do it your way,” he reconsidered.
            Stalls are a joy to learn without the pant-changing fear of dropping a wing like in a Cessna 150.
Myra standing in front of the 150 she used for some flight training... also happens to be the same 150 used in the reality show, Flying Wild Alaska

            This same wing design allows for the soft, impressively perfect landings that the Cherokee is supposed to allow even for newer pilots.  This would be another confidence builder for Myra while she learns and considering at least one of our daughters, if not both, will be in the plane with us on cross countries, the smoother and safer the landing, the better.
            There is no perfect plane out there that will fit everything we will want it to do, but as of right now, it looks like we will be searching for a decent example from the smaller Cherokee family of Pipers with hopefully an O-320 160 horse or O-360 180 horse.
Cherokee 180: Might our next plane be in the Cherokee family?
Would really like your input.  Is there a four-place plane that we should be considering and why?